DuckDuckGoduckduckgo.com
Accessibility Score
Issues Found
Issues Found
CriticalCertain ARIA roles must contain particular children2 elements
ARIA roles missing required child elements cannot perform their intended accessibility functions. Children provide essential context, like how a treeitem relates to its parent container and siblings. Without proper children, assistive technologies cannot convey this structural information to users.
Failing Elements
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
Fix any of the following:
- Element has children which are not allowed: [role=list]
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
Fix any of the following:
- Element has children which are not allowed: [role=list]
CriticalARIA attributes must conform to valid values1 element
ARIA attributes must contain correctly spelled values that match the attribute's expected options. Invalid values prevent the accessibility feature from working, making content inaccessible to assistive technology users who depend on these attributes for navigation and interaction.
Failing Elements
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--0" aria-selected="true" role="tab" tabindex="0" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--0" type="button" data-selected="">
Fix all of the following:
- Invalid ARIA attribute value: aria-controls="tabs--panel--0"
SeriousElements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds3 elements
People with low vision or color blindness cannot read text that lacks sufficient contrast with its background. With nearly three times more people having low vision than total blindness, and 8% of men and 0.4% of women having color deficiencies, adequate contrast is essential for making text readable to millions of users.
Failing Elements
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/compare-privacy">choose DuckDuckGo over Chrome and other browsers</a>
Fix any of the following:
- Element has insufficient color contrast of 4.39 (foreground color: #1074cc, background color: #f7f5f2, font size: 12.0pt (16px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/company/how-duckduckgo-makes-money/">privacy-respecting search ads</a>
Fix any of the following:
- Element has insufficient color contrast of 4.39 (foreground color: #1074cc, background color: #f7f5f2, font size: 12.0pt (16px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/company/">Learn more</a>
Fix any of the following:
- Element has insufficient color contrast of 4.39 (foreground color: #1074cc, background color: #f7f5f2, font size: 12.0pt (16px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1
ModerateHeading levels should only increase by one1 element
Headings convey page structure for screen reader users the same way text size does for sighted users. Properly ordered headings (h1 through h6) allow screen reader users to quickly navigate and understand content structure, saving significant time and frustration while also improving search engine optimization.
Failing Elements
<h6 class="heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading6__SQ8ZB">Get our free browser today!</h6>
Fix any of the following:
- Heading order invalid
ModerateMain landmark should not be contained in another landmark1 element
The main landmark must be at the top level and not nested inside other landmarks. This ensures screen reader users can quickly navigate to the primary content without searching through complex hierarchy, making page navigation simpler and more predictable.
Failing Elements
<main class="app_appRebrand__WoCKz app_topPadding__0PWOi" data-testid="homepage-btf">
Fix any of the following:
- The main landmark is contained in another landmark.
ModerateDocument should not have more than one main landmark1 element
Multiple main landmarks confuse screen reader users about where the primary content is located. Each page should have only one main landmark so users can quickly and predictably navigate to the primary content area.
Failing Elements
<main class="minimal-homepage_layout__jbnsx">
Fix any of the following:
- Document has more than one main landmark
ModerateLandmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination1 element
Each landmark on a page must have either a unique role or a unique accessible name. Duplicate landmarks confuse screen reader users about which section they're navigating to, making it difficult to efficiently move through the page structure.
Failing Elements
<main class="minimal-homepage_layout__jbnsx">
Fix any of the following:
- The landmark must have a unique aria-label, aria-labelledby, or title to make landmarks distinguishable
MinorTable header text should not be empty3 elements
Table headers must contain visible text that describes the purpose of each row or column. Without descriptive header text, both sighted users and screen reader users cannot understand what data the column or row contains.
Failing Elements
<th></th>
Fix any of the following:
- Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers
<th class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_browserIconCell__9Uhr_">
Fix any of the following:
- Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers
<th class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_browserIconCell__9Uhr_">
Fix any of the following:
- Element does not have text that is visible to screen readers
Passed Audits
<html> element must have a lang attribute1 element
Screen readers need language information to switch between pronunciation libraries. Without a specified language, screen readers default to the user's preferred language, resulting in incorrect pronunciation that sounds like a strange accent and makes content difficult or impossible to understand.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute1 element
Screen readers use language-specific sound libraries for proper pronunciation. Invalid language attributes cause screen readers to use the wrong library, making text sound like a confusing accent or completely unintelligible, especially for multilingual users who access content in multiple languages.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>27 elements
Lists require proper semantic hierarchy with ul or ol parent elements and li child elements. This structure allows screen readers to announce when users enter a list, how many items it contains, and which item they're currently on, providing essential context for understanding the content.
Audit Elements
<li class="headerNav_navLink__Dblyn">
<li><a href="https://duckduckgo.com/mac?origin=funnel_home_website__details"><img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/macos.e15f833d.png"><p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Mac</p></a></li>
<li>
<li>
<li>
<li>
<li>
<li><a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/duckduckgo-for-firefox/"><img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/firefox-lg.c4379281.svg"><p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Firefox</p></a></li>
<li>
<li>
Showing first 10 of 27 audited elements.
<svg> elements with an img role must have alternative text13 elements
SVG images need text alternatives so their information can be accessed through any sensory modality - visual, auditory, or tactile. Text alternatives enable screen readers to convert visual information into speech or braille, support future translation into sign language, and ensure content is accessible regardless of a user's sensory abilities.
Audit Elements
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Protection Shield" role="img">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Cookie" role="img">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Mask" role="img">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 13 13" role="img" aria-label="Filled star icon in the context of a rating" class="appInstallCTA_star__hGX79">
Showing first 10 of 13 audited elements.
All page content should be contained by landmarks819 elements
Content should be organized within high-level landmark regions like <header>, <navigation>, <main>, and <footer>. Content outside these sections is difficult to find and its purpose may be unclear, making navigation inefficient for screen reader users who rely on landmarks to understand page structure.
Audit Elements
<div id="__next">
<div class="homepage-skeleton_root__uzCop" data-testid="home-minimal">
<main class="minimal-homepage_layout__jbnsx">
<div class="minimal-homepage_minimalHero__sGGTi" data-testid="home-hero">
<div class="header_withContainer__gLrZW">
<div class="header_container__Pq_qE container_root__Ycg94 container_responsive__hpeZ9 container_fullWidth__1H_L8">
<div class="">
<header class="header_header__pgGsQ">
<div class="header_headerContent__eEWL5">
<section class="header_headerRight__59R6n header_headerSection___Ammb">
Showing first 10 of 819 audited elements.
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text63 elements
Duplicating alternative text adjacent to an image or link forces screen readers to announce the same information twice. This redundancy is unnecessary and confusing, especially when image buttons repeat their labels in nearby text.
Audit Elements
<img src="data:image/svg+xml;b..." alt="DuckDuckGo Logo" class="minimal-homepage_min..." width="171" height="auto">
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/macos.e15f833d.png">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/firefox-lg.c4379281.svg">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
Showing first 10 of 63 audited elements.
ARIA attributes must be used as specified for the element's role56 elements
Using ARIA attributes where they're not expected causes unpredictable behavior in assistive technologies. Following the ARIA specification ensures that screen readers and other tools can properly interpret and communicate your content's meaning to people with disabilities.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
Showing first 10 of 56 audited elements.
ARIA attributes must conform to valid names56 elements
Misspelled or non-existent ARIA attributes cannot perform their intended accessibility function. Assistive technologies rely on correctly spelled, current ARIA attributes to convey proper user interface behaviors and structural information to people with disabilities.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
Showing first 10 of 56 audited elements.
ARIA attributes must conform to valid values53 elements
ARIA attributes must contain correctly spelled values that match the attribute's expected options. Invalid values prevent the accessibility feature from working, making content inaccessible to assistive technology users who depend on these attributes for navigation and interaction.
Audit Elements
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_h_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_k_">
Showing first 10 of 53 audited elements.
ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements110 elements
Elements with aria-hidden="true" are removed from the accessibility API but remain keyboard-focusable, creating confusion about their visibility state. When users tab to these hidden elements, screen readers stay silent, leaving users unaware of what they've focused on or why nothing is being announced.
Audit Elements
<span class="link-button_icon__GnqZD link-button_iconLeft__ujSQi" aria-hidden="true">
<span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal" id="menu-status" class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true">Main navigation menu closed</span>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="header_menuIcon__Y13Xj">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="iconButton_icon__K7FBb iconButton_size-16__pfZFD">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 16" aria-hidden="true" class="iconButton_icon__K7FBb iconButton_size-16__pfZFD">
<span class="button_icon__eid__" aria-hidden="true">
<span class="button_icon___8K_A button_iconLeft__6Fskl" aria-hidden="true">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="currentColor" d="M4.531 13.196a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06l7.011 7.012a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.536 0l7.012-7.012a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06-1.06L13 20.164V2.75a.75.75 0 0 0-1.5 0v17.415z"></path></svg>
<span aria-hidden="true" style="display: contents;"> </span>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="48" height="48" fill="none" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#0078D4" d="M23.5 4H5v18.5h18.5V4ZM44 4H25.5v18.5H44V4ZM23.5 24.5H5V43h18.5V24.5Zm20.5 0H25.5V43H44V24.5Z"></path></svg>
Showing first 10 of 110 audited elements.
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element44 elements
Invalid ARIA role and HTML element combinations can break accessibility for entire sections of your application. When roles are used incorrectly, assistive technologies may report confusing or nonsensical information to users, making it impossible for them to understand and interact with the interface properly.
Audit Elements
<ul role="list" class="headerNav_navLinks__EOUbM">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Protection Shield" role="img">
Showing first 10 of 44 audited elements.
ARIA roles used must conform to valid values33 elements
Invalid ARIA role values prevent assistive technologies from understanding and communicating the element's purpose to users. Without valid roles, screen readers cannot provide information about the element's features, properties, or how users should interact with it.
Audit Elements
<ul role="list" class="headerNav_navLinks__EOUbM">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Protection Shield" role="img">
Showing first 10 of 33 audited elements.
aria-hidden="true" must not be present on the document body1 element
Setting <body aria-hidden="true" hides all page content from assistive technologies while leaving it visible on screen. This creates a confusing experience where keyboard users can still tab to elements, but screen readers remain completely silent, providing no information about what's focused.
Audit Elements
<body style="--max-searchbox-height: 24px;">
autocomplete attribute must be used correctly1 element
Missing or incorrect autocomplete values make forms inaccessible to screen reader users. Screen readers cannot provide adequate information about form fields without proper autocomplete attributes, preventing users from understanding what information is required and how to complete forms correctly.
Audit Elements
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
Buttons must have discernible text36 elements
Screen reader users cannot determine the purpose of buttons without an accessible name. Without a name, users don't know what action the button will perform when activated.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_h_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_k_">
Showing first 10 of 36 audited elements.
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents5 elements
ARIA roles with missing required parent elements cannot function as intended for assistive technology users. Parent-child relationships convey essential hierarchy and context, like showing where an item sits within a tree structure. Without proper parents, this critical relationship information is lost.
Audit Elements
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--0" aria-selected="true" role="tab" tabindex="0" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--0" type="button" data-selected="">
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--1" aria-selected="false" role="tab" tabindex="-1" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--1" type="button">
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--2" aria-selected="false" role="tab" tabindex="-1" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--2" type="button">
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--3" aria-selected="false" role="tab" tabindex="-1" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--3" type="button">
<button aria-controls="tabs--panel--4" aria-selected="false" role="tab" tabindex="-1" data-reach-tab="" data-orientation="horizontal" id="tabs--tab--4" type="button">
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children9 elements
ARIA roles missing required child elements cannot perform their intended accessibility functions. Children provide essential context, like how a treeitem relates to its parent container and siblings. Without proper children, assistive technologies cannot convey this structural information to users.
Audit Elements
<ul role="list" class="headerNav_navLinks__EOUbM">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<div role="tablist" aria-orientation="horizontal" data-reach-tab-list="">
<ul role="list" class="download-panel_statsList__6FhQC">
<ul role="list">
<ul role="list">
Deprecated ARIA roles must not be used33 elements
Deprecated ARIA roles are not recognized by modern screen readers and assistive technologies. Using outdated roles means some users cannot access essential information or functionality on your site.
Audit Elements
<ul role="list" class="headerNav_navLinks__EOUbM">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Protection Shield" role="img">
Showing first 10 of 33 audited elements.
Document should have one main landmark1 element
Every page should have exactly one main landmark that identifies the primary content. Without a main landmark, screen reader users must navigate through all content linearly to find what they're looking for, making page navigation difficult and time-consuming.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
Document should not have more than one banner landmark1 element
Multiple banner landmarks force screen reader users to sort through duplicate options to find header information. Each page should have only one banner landmark to enable quick, predictable navigation to the header without overwhelming users with unnecessary choices.
Audit Elements
<header class="header_header__pgGsQ">
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark1 element
Multiple contentinfo landmarks force screen reader users to sort through extra options to find footer information. Each page should have only one content info landmark to enable quick, predictable navigation without overwhelming users with duplicate structural markers.
Audit Elements
<footer class="footer_root__8lxxr">
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation1 element
The page title is the first thing screen reader users hear when loading a page. Without a descriptive, unique title, users must read through the entire page to understand its contents and purpose, wasting valuable time on every page visit.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
Elements marked as presentational should be consistently ignored32 elements
Elements with role="none" or role="presentation" should be removed from the accessibility tree. Adding global ARIA attributes or making these elements focusable prevents their removal, leaving them accessible to screen readers when they should be ignored, creating unexpected and confusing behavior.
Audit Elements
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/macos.e15f833d.png">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/firefox-lg.c4379281.svg">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" class="app-hero_heroDaxThumbsUp__y6hxs" src="/static-assets/image/pages/app/dax-thumbs-up-light.svg">
Showing first 10 of 32 audited elements.
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds134 elements
People with low vision or color blindness cannot read text that lacks sufficient contrast with its background. With nearly three times more people having low vision than total blindness, and 8% of men and 0.4% of women having color deficiencies, adequate contrast is essential for making text readable to millions of users.
Audit Elements
<span title="Search" class="chip-select_optionContent__ldG3O">
<span title="Duck.ai" class="chip-select_optionContent__ldG3O">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<span class="minimal-homepage_taglineText__zTz_h">Protection. Privacy. Peace of mind.</span>
<span>Customize</span>
<h2 class="in-app-home-below-the-fold_headingText__YyQH6 heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading2__oBLhv heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-2__xWjR3 heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-eyebrow-01__dtKrQ text_text-align-center__fcph3 text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-semibold__8N2H2 hidden sm:block">Desktop & Mobile Browser</p>
<p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Mac</p>
<p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Windows</p>
<p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">iOS</p>
Showing first 10 of 134 audited elements.
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes56 elements
Using prohibited ARIA attributes prevents important information from reaching assistive technology users. It also causes assistive technologies to behave inconsistently as they attempt to compensate for the error.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
Showing first 10 of 56 audited elements.
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes56 elements
Using ARIA attributes in roles where they're not allowed can disable accessibility for entire sections of your application. Invalid attribute-role combinations create conflicts that cause assistive technologies to report incorrect or nonsensical information about your interface.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_e_">
Showing first 10 of 56 audited elements.
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero39 elements
Using tabindex values greater than 0 creates unexpected tab orders that disorient users. It makes elements appear to be skipped when users tab past them, requires setting tabindex on every element to maintain order, and forces all tabindex items to be visited before any normal elements, breaking natural navigation flow.
Audit Elements
<label class="chip-select_option__I46Rd chip-select_isSelected__SqGYr" tabindex="0">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="search" checked="" name="chip-select">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<label class="chip-select_option__I46Rd" tabindex="0">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="chat" name="chip-select">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
Showing first 10 of 39 audited elements.
Form elements must have labels3 elements
Form labels are essential for screen reader users to understand what information each field requires. Without proper labels, screen readers cannot identify input expectations, fields don't receive focus when announced, and users with motor impairments lose the benefit of larger clickable areas that labels provide.
Audit Elements
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="search" checked="" name="chip-select">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="chat" name="chip-select">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
Form elements should have a visible label3 elements
The title and aria-describedby attributes provide supplementary hints, not labels. Screen readers treat these as advisory information rather than true labels, which prevents them from properly conveying the form element's purpose. Form fields need proper labels that can be programmatically determined.
Audit Elements
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="search" checked="" name="chip-select">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="chat" name="chip-select">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
Form field must not have multiple label elements3 elements
Multiple labels on the same form field cause inconsistent behavior across screen reader and browser combinations. Some will read the first label, others the last, and some will read both, creating confusion about what information the field requires.
Audit Elements
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="search" checked="" name="chip-select">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="chat" name="chip-select">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
Heading levels should only increase by one15 elements
Headings convey page structure for screen reader users the same way text size does for sighted users. Properly ordered headings (h1 through h6) allow screen reader users to quickly navigate and understand content structure, saving significant time and frustration while also improving search engine optimization.
Audit Elements
<h1 style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">DuckDuckGo</h1>
<h1 style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">DuckDuckGo</h1>
<h2 class="in-app-home-below-the-fold_headingText__YyQH6 heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading2__oBLhv heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-2__xWjR3 heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h2 class="product-showcase_heading__uZeq_ heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-3__m424S">Discover more from DuckDuckGo.</h2>
<h2 class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_heading__JViVS heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h3 class="app-browser-intro_text__ei9b2 heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-6__rkRs2 heading_heading-sm-6__HKs2Y heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Take back control of your personal information.</h3>
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Block most ads & cookie pop-ups for fewer interruptions.</h3>
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Data protection, not data collection.</h3>
<h2 class="app-quotes_quotesHeading__tKaTC heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
Showing first 10 of 15 audited elements.
Headings should not be empty16 elements
Screen readers announce headings to help users navigate page structure. Empty headings confuse users and prevent them from understanding the page's organization. Headings should only be used to convey structure, not for visual styling, and must contain accessible text that screen readers can announce.
Audit Elements
<h1 style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">DuckDuckGo</h1>
<h1 style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal">DuckDuckGo</h1>
<h2 class="in-app-home-below-the-fold_headingText__YyQH6 heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading2__oBLhv heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-2__xWjR3 heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h2 class="product-showcase_heading__uZeq_ heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-3__m424S">Discover more from DuckDuckGo.</h2>
<h2 class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_heading__JViVS heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-4__YmLfi heading_heading-sm-4__WbstY heading_heading-md-3__adlO2 heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h3 class="app-browser-intro_text__ei9b2 heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-6__rkRs2 heading_heading-sm-6__HKs2Y heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Take back control of your personal information.</h3>
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Block most ads & cookie pop-ups for fewer interruptions.</h3>
<h3 class="feature-card_headingText__QgrYj heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading4__XyO8q heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-4__Tc_SK">Data protection, not data collection.</h3>
<h2 class="app-quotes_quotesHeading__tKaTC heading_heading__30RM7 heading_heading3__w4W1U heading_responsiveLevels__wzF1A heading_heading-xs-5__4ROnj heading_heading-sm-5__xeKN1 heading_heading-md-4__NfPIh heading_heading-lg-3__m424S heading_heading-align-center__twQ3U">
Showing first 10 of 16 audited elements.
IDs used in ARIA and labels must be unique19 elements
Duplicate IDs break the accessibility of ARIA elements, form labels, and table headers. When IDs are duplicated, assistive technologies and scripts only reference the first instance, causing subsequent elements with the same ID to be ignored or incorrectly associated.
Audit Elements
<span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal" id="menu-status" class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true">Main navigation menu closed</span>
<button id="react-aria2811663725..." class="button_button__IWBae..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="react-aria2811663725..." slot="trigger">
<div class="react-aria-DisclosurePanel" data-rac="" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_54_" role="group" aria-labelledby="react-aria2811663725-_r_53_" aria-hidden="false" style="--disclosure-panel-width: auto; --disclosure-panel-height: auto;">
<button id="react-aria2811663725..." class="button_button__IWBae..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="react-aria2811663725..." slot="trigger">
<div class="react-aria-DisclosurePanel" data-rac="" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_5a_" role="group" aria-labelledby="react-aria2811663725-_r_59_" aria-hidden="true" hidden="until-found" style="--disclosure-panel-width: 0px; --disclosure-panel-height: 0px;">
<button id="react-aria2811663725..." class="button_button__IWBae..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="react-aria2811663725..." slot="trigger">
<div class="react-aria-DisclosurePanel" data-rac="" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_5g_" role="group" aria-labelledby="react-aria2811663725-_r_5f_" aria-hidden="true" hidden="until-found" style="--disclosure-panel-width: 0px; --disclosure-panel-height: 0px;">
<button id="react-aria2811663725..." class="button_button__IWBae..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="react-aria2811663725..." slot="trigger">
<div class="react-aria-DisclosurePanel" data-rac="" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_5m_" role="group" aria-labelledby="react-aria2811663725-_r_5l_" aria-hidden="true" hidden="until-found" style="--disclosure-panel-width: 0px; --disclosure-panel-height: 0px;">
<button id="react-aria2811663725..." class="button_button__IWBae..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="react-aria2811663725..." slot="trigger">
Showing first 10 of 19 audited elements.
Images must have alternative text63 elements
Screen readers cannot translate images into text without alt attributes. Alternative text is essential for blind users and beneficial for users with low vision or color blindness, providing the same information that sighted users get from viewing the image.
Audit Elements
<img src="data:image/svg+xml;b..." alt="DuckDuckGo Logo" class="minimal-homepage_min..." width="171" height="auto">
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/macos.e15f833d.png">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/firefox-lg.c4379281.svg">
<img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
<img width="32" height="32" alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;b...">
Showing first 10 of 63 audited elements.
Inline text spacing must be adjustable with custom stylesheets22 elements
Single-spaced text makes it difficult for people with cognitive disabilities to track lines while reading. Providing line spacing between 1.5 to 2 helps these users start a new line more easily after finishing the previous one.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
<body style="--max-searchbox-height: 24px;">
<div class="minimal-homepage_minimalContent__cLUpt center_root___q8wn center_andText__q9Qi5" style="--center-measure:none">
<div class="chip-select_selectedIndicator___82y7 chip-select_noInitialTransition__4XAeh" style="left: 2px; width: 104px;"></div>
<div class="center_root___q8wn center_intrinsic__Gt_PZ" style="--center-measure:none">
<div style="opacity: 1;">
<div class="stack_root__raz5U stack_centered__RskQp product-showcase_headingAndChips__H_A3f" style="--gap-size: 2.5rem;">
<div class="stack_root__raz5U stack_centered__RskQp marketing-compare-privacy-table_root__y_QRq app_comparePrivacyTable__2q08D" style="scroll-margin: 100px; --gap-size: 2.25rem;">
<div class="stack_root__raz5U" style="--gap-size: 2rem; --parent-gap-size: 2.25rem;">
<div class="stack_root__raz5U" style="--gap-size: 2.5rem;">
Showing first 10 of 22 audited elements.
Interactive controls must not be nested82 elements
Nested interactive elements create empty tab stops where screen readers remain silent. When users tab to a focusable element inside another interactive control, they receive no information about its name, role, or state, creating a confusing and broken navigation experience.
Audit Elements
<button class="header_headerButton__hj3Nb header_menuButton__FRHct header_headerButton__hj3Nb" aria-controls="_R_2n6_" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-describedby="menu-status" data-testid="sidemenu-button">
<img src="data:image/svg+xml;b..." alt="DuckDuckGo Logo" class="minimal-homepage_min..." width="171" height="auto">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="search" checked="" name="chip-select">
<button aria-label="Search" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<input tabindex="-1" type="radio" value="chat" name="chip-select">
<button aria-label="Duck.ai" class="iconButton_button__A_Uiu chip-select_optionIcon__Blkdb" tabindex="-1">
<button class="search-input_searchButton__kFt4w ai-searchbox_searchButton___vEly button_button__GGtY1 button_size-sm__fklol" type="submit" aria-label="Search" data-mode="search" disabled="" title="Search" tabindex="0">
<button class="button_button__IWBae button_secondary__cH_xH button_size-xs___rDun button_iconOnlyBreakpoint-md__B1fK8 motif-default customize-button_customizeButton__yDxgu" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_4_" ...>
<button class="icon-button_iconButt..." data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pres...="true" aria-label="Scroll down to learn..." id="react-aria-_R_mn6_">
<button class="card-button_root__eXa6l card-button_primary___vU4_ card-button_radiusFull__yNdmM motif-default product-showcase-chip_cardButton__Ad31l" data-rac="" type="button" tabindex="0" data-react-aria-pressable="true" aria-pressed="false" id="react-aria2811663725-_r_b_">
Showing first 10 of 82 audited elements.
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination3 elements
Each landmark on a page must have either a unique role or a unique accessible name. Duplicate landmarks confuse screen reader users about which section they're navigating to, making it difficult to efficiently move through the page structure.
Audit Elements
<nav title="navigation" class="headerNav_nav__GHZEA">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<nav class="col-6 flex-grid flex-row">
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color9 elements
People with low vision or color blindness cannot visually distinguish links from surrounding text without sufficient color contrast (3:1 ratio minimum). When link colors are too similar to regular text, users with visual impairments cannot identify which text is clickable.
Audit Elements
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/compare-privacy">choose DuckDuckGo over Chrome and other browsers</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/company/how-duckduckgo-makes-money/">privacy-respecting search ads</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/company/">Learn more</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://duckduckgo.com/compare-privacy">choose DuckDuckGo over Chrome and other browsers</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/company/how-duckduckgo-makes-money">privacy-respecting search ads</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://duckduckgo.com/mac?origin=funnel_home_website__details">Mac</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://duckduckgo.com/windows?origin=funnel_home_website__details">Windows</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://apps.apple.com/app/duckduckgo-privacy-browser/id663592361?platform=iphone">iOS</a>
<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="footer_footerLink__A1Kmq" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.duckduckgo.mobile.android&referrer=origin%3Dfunnel_home_website__details">Android</a>
Links must have discernible text64 elements
Keyboard users and screen reader users can only interact with links that have accessible names and can receive focus. Without proper names, users don't know where links lead. Without keyboard focus, users who cannot use a mouse cannot activate the links at all.
Audit Elements
<a class="link-button_button__M7Ybe link-button_secondary__tqNfU link-button_size-xs__ePe_G link-button_appearance-ghost__KWiIo motif-default header_aiChatButton__HbhQV" data-testid="aichat-button" target="_self" href="https://duck.ai/?origin=funnel_home_website">
<a class="link-button_button__M7Ybe link-button_secondary__tqNfU link-button_size-xl__G8na4 link-button_appearance-ghost__KWiIo motif-default tagline_tagline__HnlhS minimal-homepage_tagline__qhF_8" target="_self" href="/compare-privacy">
<a href="https://duckduckgo.com/mac?origin=funnel_home_website__details"><img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/macos.e15f833d.png"><p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Mac</p></a>
<a href="https://duckduckgo.com/windows?origin=funnel_home_website__details">
<a href="https://apps.apple.com/app/duckduckgo-privacy-browser/id663592361?platform=iphone&pt=866401&mt=8">
<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.duckduckgo.mobile.android&referrer=origin%3Dfunnel_home_website__details">
<a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/duckduckgo-privacy-essent/bkdgflcldnnnapblkhphbgpggdiikppg">
<a href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/caoacbimdbbljakfhgikoodekdnlcgpk">
<a href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/duckduckgo-for-firefox/"><img alt="" src="/_next/static/media/firefox-lg.c4379281.svg"><p class="text_text__fuyHD text_text-sm__8blRN text_text-color-primary__MJkIv text_text-weight-normal__nldc2">Firefox</p></a>
<a href="https://addons.opera.com/en/extensions/details/duckduckgo-for-opera-2/">
Showing first 10 of 64 audited elements.
Main landmark should not be contained in another landmark1 element
The main landmark must be at the top level and not nested inside other landmarks. This ensures screen reader users can quickly navigate to the primary content without searching through complex hierarchy, making page navigation simpler and more predictable.
Audit Elements
<main class="minimal-homepage_layout__jbnsx">
Page must have means to bypass repeated blocks1 element
Keyboard-only users must tab through all navigation and header content before reaching the main content, which can take several minutes and cause physical pain for users with motor limitations. Bypass mechanisms like skip links allow these users to jump directly to main content, saving time and reducing fatigue.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
Page should contain a level-one heading1 element
Screen reader users use keyboard shortcuts to jump directly to the first h1, expecting to land at the main content. Without an h1 or with a misplaced one, users must listen to more of the page to understand its structure, wasting valuable time on every page visit.
Audit Elements
<html lang="en-US" class="is-not-mobile-device..." data-ssg-desktop-cta...="sad" style="--vh: 8px; color-sch...">
Required ARIA attributes must be provided33 elements
ARIA widget roles need required attributes to describe their current state. Without these attributes, screen readers cannot communicate essential information like whether a checkbox is checked or a slider's current value, leaving users unable to interact effectively with the widget.
Audit Elements
<ul role="list" class="headerNav_navLinks__EOUbM">
<form class="ai-searchbox_form__CVS1h" data-testid="searchbox-form" role="search" aria-label="Search the web with DuckDuckGo" id="searchbox_homepage" action="/" method="GET">
<input class="search-input_searchI..." placeholder="Search privately" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="none" role="combobox" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="listbox" aria-controls="searchbox-suggestion..." aria-label="Search with DuckDuck..." aria-autocomplete="list" ...>
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="flex flex-row items-center justify-between download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_row__b3EpF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<ul role="list" class="download-options_columnGroup__Z51HF">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 144 144" aria-label="Protection Shield" role="img">
Showing first 10 of 33 audited elements.
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table1 element
Proper table markup with header associations allows screen reader users to navigate from cell to cell while hearing the corresponding headers announced. This is especially crucial in large tables where cells contain similar data. Without accessible table structure, screen reader users cannot understand what data each cell represents.
Audit Elements
<table class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_table__FZIRC">
Table headers in a data table must refer to data cells1 element
Table header cells must have associated data cells to create meaningful table structure. Without proper header-to-data relationships, screen readers cannot help users understand how cells relate to each other, making the table's information inaccessible.
Audit Elements
<table class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_table__FZIRC">
Tables should not have the same summary and caption1 element
Tables with identical summary and caption text confuse screen reader users by announcing the same information twice. Users cannot distinguish the purpose from the description, making it difficult to understand what the table contains.
Audit Elements
<table class="marketing-compare-privacy-table_table__FZIRC">
Users should be able to zoom and scale the text up to 500%1 element
The user-scalable="no" and restrictive maximum-scale parameters prevent people with low vision from zooming to read content. Users who rely on browser zoom to enlarge text are blocked from accessing content at a readable size, violating their need to scale pages up to 5x zoom.
Audit Elements
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=1 , viewport-fit=auto" data-next-head="">
Zooming and scaling must not be disabled1 element
Setting user-scalable="no" or maximum-scale less than 2 prevents people with low vision from zooming to read content. Users who enlarge text in their browsers are blocked from making content readable, violating accessibility guidelines that require supporting at least 200% zoom.
Audit Elements
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=1 , viewport-fit=auto" data-next-head="">